{"id":2111,"date":"2021-04-10T12:55:23","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T12:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/?page_id=2111"},"modified":"2021-04-11T07:57:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T07:57:33","slug":"diagnosis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/diagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"post\" data-elementor-id=\"2111\" class=\"elementor elementor-2111\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-666a1d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"666a1d1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8260b4f elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8260b4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cda804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"6cda804\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f5fe96 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"6f5fe96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffe61f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ffe61f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n li { margin-left: 40px; }\n .right { width: 600px; }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"right\">\n\n\n\nSeveral tests are used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), depending on the type of TB suspected.\n<br><br>\n\nA GP may refer you to a TB specialist for testing and treatment if they think you have TB.\n<br><br>\n\n<h3>Pulmonary TB<\/h3>\n\nDiagnosing pulmonary TB \u2013 TB that affects the lungs \u2013 can be difficult, and several tests are usually needed.\n<br><br>\n\nYou may have a chest X-ray to look for changes in the appearance of your lungs that are suggestive of TB. Samples of phlegm will also often be taken and checked for the presence of TB bacteria.\n<br><br>\n\nThese tests are important in helping to decide the most effective treatment for you.\n<br><br>\n\n<h3>Extrapulmonary TB<\/h3>\n\nSeveral tests can be used to confirm suspected extrapulmonary TB, which is TB outside the lungs.\n<br><br>\n\nThese tests include:\n\n    <li>a CT scan, MRI scan or ultrasound scan of the affected part of the body<\/li>\n    <li>an examination of the inside of your body using a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at one end (endoscopy) \u2013 the endoscope can be inserted through a natural opening, such as your mouth, or through a small cut made in your skin (laparoscopy) if there's a need to check other parts of your body<\/li>\n    <li>urine and blood tests<\/li>\n    <li>a biopsy \u2013 a small sample of tissue or fluid is taken from the affected area and tested for TB bacteria<\/li>\n<br>\nYou may also have a lumbar puncture, where a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is taken from the base of your spine. CSF is fluid that surrounds the brain.\n<br><br>\n\nThe sample can be checked to see whether TB has infected your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).\n<br><br>\n\n<h3>Testing for latent TB<\/h3>\n\nIn some circumstances, you may need to have a test to check for latent TB \u2013 where you've been infected with TB bacteria, but do not have any symptoms.\n<br><br>\n\nFor example, you may need to have a test if you've been in close contact with someone known to have active TB disease involving the lungs, or if you've recently spent time in a country where TB levels are high.\n<br><br>\n\nIf you've just moved to the UK from a country where TB is common, you should be given information and advice about the need for testing. Your GP may suggest having a test when you register as a patient.\n<br><br>\n\n<h4>Mantoux test<\/h4> \n\nThe Mantoux test is a widely used test for latent TB. It involves injecting a small amount of a substance called PPD tuberculin into the skin of your forearm. It's also called the tuberculin skin test (TST).\n<br><br>\n\nIf you have a latent TB infection, your skin will be sensitive to PPD tuberculin and a small, hard red bump will develop at the site of the injection, usually within 48 to 72 hours of having the test.\n<br><br>\n\nIf you have a very strong skin reaction, you may need a chest X-ray to confirm whether you have active TB disease.\n<br><br>\n\nIf you do not have a latent infection, your skin will not react to the Mantoux test. However, as TB can take a long time to develop, you may need to be screened again at a later stage.\n<br><br>\n\nIf you've had the BCG vaccination, you may have a mild skin reaction to the Mantoux test. This does not necessarily mean you have latent TB.\n<br><br>\n\n<h4>Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)<\/h4>\n\nThe interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is a blood test for TB that's becoming more widely available.\n<br><br>\n\nThe IGRA may be used to help diagnose latent TB:\n\n    <li>if you have a positive Mantoux test<\/li>\n    <li>if you previously had the BCG vaccination \u2013 the Mantoux test may not be reliable in these cases<\/li>\n    <li>as part of your TB screening if you've just moved to the UK from a country where TB is common<\/li>\n    <li>as part of a health check when you register with a GP<\/li>\n    <li>if you're about to have treatment that will suppress your immune system<\/li>\n    <li>if you're a healthcare worker<\/li>\n\n\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcee4ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"bcee4ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"421\" data-delimiter=\",\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">Coffee cups<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several tests are used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), depending on the type of TB suspected. A GP may refer you to a TB specialist for testing and treatment if they think you have TB. Pulmonary TB Diagnosing pulmonary TB \u2013 TB that affects the lungs \u2013 can be difficult, and several tests are usually needed. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2111"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2111"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2144,"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2111\/revisions\/2144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ummc.edu.my\/respiratori\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}